Inmigrantes empresarios

Este artículo es el resumen de una investigación, a través de Entrevistas en Profundidad y de Historias de Vida, que ha tratado de indagar quienes son desde el punto de vista sociológico los inmigrantes que han creado una empresa en la Comunidad de Madrid, abordando la comprensión de los comportamientos y las relaciones sociales en las que están inmersos, alejándonos de una visión meramente cuantitativa y economicista. Hay que abordar, pues, el fenómeno de la inmigración como una cuestión política ya que ha adquirido un significado político radical, perteneciendo al núcleo mismo de ésta y no a su periferia, constituyéndose en un desafió para reflexionar sobre las condiciones del vínculo social y del contrato político, con el consiguiente cambio de la noción de lo que es la soberanía y la ciudadanía.This paper sums up the results of a research based on interviews in depth and daily life stories of immigrants within the Community of Madrid that have set up a business. Special attention is paid to their behaviour and the social relations in which they are immersed, avoiding a mere quantitative and economist interpretation. On the contrary, immigration is explained as a political issue due to the fact that it became an important radical argument of politics that claims for some reflections referring to the conditions of social cohesion and political contract in order to redefine the concept of sovereignty and citizenship

Publicidad on-line y nuevas tecnologías de comunicación: el anunciante franquiciador

La Publicidad en el medio Internet y las Nuevas Tecnologías de Comunicación conllevan un cambio sustancial en la forma de relacionarse del anunciante con sus públicos. El anunciante pierde su protagonismo y el rol de “emisor” en la comunicación comercial. La morfogénesis de los sistemas de comunicación es una realidad constatada.Advertising in the context of the Internet and new information and communication technologies means a substantial change in the way advertisers interact with their target audiences. Advertisers are losing their leading roles as “addressers” in commercial communication. The process of morphogenesis in current communication systems is a verified fact in present times

Monitoring a pre-normative multi-family housing case-study in a Mediterranean climate

In Spain, a significant percentage of the residential building stock presents deficient indoor conditions regarding current energy standards, due to having been constructed before the Norma Básica de la Edificación in 1979 (NBE CT 79) regarding thermal conditions in buildings. Current environmental policies pursue a cut in energy consumption and seek improvements in indoor conditions by refurbishing current stock, mainly that constructed between 1950 and 1980. Before any retrofitting action, housing monitoring has become essential for a better understanding of real and passive environmental behavior. This paper aims to present the monitoring in hourly intervals, real-time and post-occupancy conditions of a residential building in Seville, built in the 1950s and belonging to national heritage. The results obtained show major discrepancies between thermal indoor data collected and comfort conditions, both in summer and winter, which are solved by the sporadic use of cooling and heating devices present in the dwellings, thus leading to less energy consumption than expected. This is a common occurrence in multi-family housing units from the Mediterranean arc: there are many periods of the year in which a vast number of the population lives in poor energy conditions

Hacia una calibración de modelos energéticos: Caso de estudio del parque residencial español en clima mediterráneo

Current energy policies focus on retrofitting to achieve Horizon 2020 aims, especially concerning the residential stock constructed before the first thermal regulations. According to this, improving energy efficiency and interior comfort conditions in buildings must be supported by the knowledge of its real energy performance. Due to uncertainty and the lack of information on the current energy performance of housing and its real operational conditions, discrepancies between the results obtained and the measured data arise. Housing monitoring under real occupational conditions become essential for a better understanding of environmental behavior of residential building stock. Our aim is to show the calibration process, based on monitoring data obtained from a group of dwellings of national heritage interest built in the 1950s in Seville (a Mediterranean climate city). Calibration allows simulation results to approximate to current environmental conditions, aiming to predict and optimize the potential for subsequent environmental and energy implementation.Las actuales políticas energéticas europeas proponen la rehabilitación para poder alcanzar los objetivos del Horizonte 2020, especialmente del parque residencial construido antes de las primeras normativas térmicas, debiendo cimentarse la mejora en eficiencia energética y confort en el conocimiento de su comportamiento energético real. Aparecen divergencias entre resultados reales y de simulación debido a las incertidumbres y falta de información sobre el estado actual y las condiciones reales de uso y operacionales. La monitorización bajo condiciones de ocupación real resulta imprescindible para conocer el comportamiento energético y ambiental del parque residencial. Nuestro objetivo es mostrar el proceso de calibración de modelos energéticos, a partir de la monitorización, de unas viviendas de interés patrimonial construidas en los años cincuenta en Sevilla, ciudad de clima mediterráneo. La calibración permite aproximar los resultados de simulación a las condiciones ambientales reales, para predecir y optimizar el potencial de mejora ambiental y energética en la rehabilitación

Effect of Sky Discretization for Shading Device Calculation on Building Energy Performance Simulations

The calculation of sunlit surfaces in a building has always been a relevant aspect in building energy simulation programs. Due to the high computational cost, some programs use algorithms for shading calculation for certain solar positions after discretization of hemispherical sky. The influence of the level of discretization on the estimation of incident direct radiation on building surfaces, as well as on the required computational times, are studied in this work. The direct solar energy on a window for a year, with simulation time steps of five minutes, has been simulated by using an algorithm based on Projection and Clipping Methods. A total of 6144 simulations have been carried out, varying window sizes, window orientations, typologies of shading devices, latitudes and discretization levels of the hemispherical sky. In terms of annual incident solar energy, the results show that maximum error values are about 5% for a low level of angular discretization. Errors up to 22% in hourly incident solar energy have been estimated for some of the configurations analysed. Furthermore, a great number of configurations show errors of shading factor on a window of up to 30%, which could be most relevant in studies of natural lighting. The study also shows that the improvement achieved by the most accurate discretization level implies an increase in computational cost of about 30 times

Genexput: A rapid and standarised method for large genome expansion of Pseudomonas putida

The soil bacteria Pseudomonas putida has gained considerable interest in recent years due to its metabolic complexity, which gives the bacteria huge potential in fields as diverse as bioremediation and bio-based industrial production of chemicals [1]. However, the full exploitation of P. putida potential requires of the development of standarised and hightrouput large genome edditing methods in this bacterium. Actual synbiotools for this purpose in P. putida are still in its infancy and need to be optimised. For instance, well-known state-of-the-art methods such as recombineering and CRISPR-Cas approachs have yet low efficiency in this bacteria [2]. In an attemp to address this important shorcoming in the portfolio of P. putida synbiotools, we have constructed a pSEVA-based [3] library of vectors which allows the genome integration via homologous recombination of large fragments of exogenous DNA. Thereof, loci distributed all along the genome were selected and designed as landing paths for the integration of alien DNA. This way it is possible to add an additional level of gene expression control at genome localization level. We further validated our approach by i) monitoring the expression level of a single GFP reported gene along the genome localization and ii) by expanding the metabolic versatility of P.putida KT2440 towards toluene and m-xylene by integrating in its chromosome the genes encoded in the pWWO plasmid. In summary we provide an efficient toolkit that allows a rapid genome expansion of P. putida while allowing the expression level of the desired transgene

Towards an integrated definition of job crafting

Purpose: The aim of this paper is to form a comprehensive definition to describe the term “job crafting”. Design/methodology/approach: Through a systematic review of the literature found in databases, such as Web of Science, Scopus, Emerald and ABI, articles containing the words “job crafting” in the title and abstract were identified. After following several criteria applied by previous similar analyses, the resulting final sample was 47 articles. Findings: In this research paper on the term “job crafting”, 76 different definitions of its meaning were identified. After a systematic analysis of these definitions, with the aim of extracting the common elements that characterise job crafting, a definition is proposed, which makes it possible to include any typology, based on three key elements: the employee’s proactivity, the impact on the environment and the context in which the activity is carried out. Research limitations/implications: The analysis is based on a review of extant literature, which previously has not considered the impact of such definitions of job crafting on hybrid (physical and remote) and virtual (metaverse) environments. Practical implications: The paper aims to provide a simple and all-inclusive definition of job crafting that serves as a basis for identifying attitudes and behavior that will help in talent attraction, selection and development processes. Social implications: This integrated definition will help individuals to develop the attitudes and behavior which will enable them to adapt their professional activities in a context where, according to the World Economic Forum (2020 study), 50% of the jobs we know today will disappear by 2030. Originality/value: This article attempts to provide a succinct and all-inclusive definition of the term job crafting; something which has not previously been achievedPeer Reviewe